Following the unilateral abolition of the Joint Action Plan by Donald Trump, tensions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the NeoCons reached their highest levels. Indeed, Trump considered the JCPOA as a tool for the growing development of the power of the Islamic Republic. Therefore, by imposing the most economic sanctions on the one hand, and considering the terrorists as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, publicly expressed his positions towards Iran. The full-fledged side of the war led to the expansion of the scope of the military conflict with the threat of deploying troops to the Gulf region. The main issue here is the nature and type of opposition between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States. Therefore, the authors' efforts in this paper are about providing answer to this question what is the main Paradigm of deterring the Islamic Republic of Iran over US military threats? The author's hypothesis is based on the principle that military confrontation and direct between the two countries will not occur, and the findings of the paper, which are based on the theory of defensive realism and the use of synthetic methods of historical sociology and futures studies, indicate that for three major causes of this confrontation will not occur. At the national level, a deep coalition of military and official forces, including the army, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the Parliament and the missile power Iran, At the regional level, the powerful Shiite coalition to support Iran and the fragile nature of the United States in the Middle East And internationally, the structural barriers of Russia and Trump's Narcissist personality are the most important obstacles to the realization of the US military strike against the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Creating the belief in mutual informational threat up to the point of regret forms the fundamental basis of Intelligence Deterrence. Based on this, researchers in this article aim to explain and illustrate a model for this concept. The primary goal of the research is to identify the dimensions and components of the Intelligence Deterrence model and to prove three hypotheses, where three main areas: "1- Power and capability, communication, awareness, and credibility as influencing factors; 2- Intelligence capture, Intelligence dominance, Intelligence defense as initial outcomes; 3- Intelligence power and security as the main outcomes of the model" have a direct and positive relationship with Intelligence Deterrence. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and mixed methodology, was conducted in a community of experts (think tank group) and a specialized community of 50 people, by collecting data from 23 participants. The result of the research is the explanation of the Intelligence Deterrence model in two dimensions of "creation and application" (15 components) and identifying the underlying factors and outcomes (8 components).

The right to be free from torture is known as an inalienable right. It has been declared absolutely forbidden in Article 38 of our Constitution. Hence, struggling against torture is of meritorious legal and cultural status. Among non-suppressive methods, the situational prevention is known as an applicable approach with visible outcomes. Due to these features, this paper, based on accepting the possibility of exercising the situational prevention regarding torture crime, deals with recognizing effectual situational preventive contrivances in decreasing this crime; contrivances like: contrivance for increasing hardship in committing crimes like immediate access of defendant to judiciary officials, contrivance for omitting justifiers like decreasing the demonstrating value of confession, contrivance for decreasing benefits ensued from crimes like nullifying the information ensued from torture, contrivance for increasing the risk of committing crime like supporting the presence of lawyers in the early processes of judgment and video surveillance during investigation process. In this text, we have shown that the best place to incorporate these contrivances is the Code of Criminal Procedure, and accordingly, the recent Code of Criminal Procedure is examined from this perspective. Meanwhile, we point out some of the removable shortcomings.

The anarchical status of cyberspace brings about deep effects on countries’ interests and national security. A large number of anonymous global players threaten the interests or even the vital infrastructures of their counterparts on a daily basis. This has made the states around the world to think about finding a real approach to decrease such damages, threats, etc. in the cyberspace. And the Deterrence Strategy, as an efficient tool in dealing with such a significant issue, is the outcome of this long endeavor. The current essay aims to discover the effectiveness of Deterrence Strategy in cyberspace and those conditions it is in need of to be regarded as a most efficient deterring tool. The findings here in this essay prove that the Deterrence Strategy cannot have the same performance in cyberspace as it had during the Cold War. However, at the same time, they establish that the Deterrence Strategy enjoys great potentials through which it protects the countries’ interests and national security. Great defense capability, the power of identifying the invaders, and the capability of conducting harsh retaliatory acts are the main three components that make this strategy effective. However, it is worth saying that among all those components, the ‘ identification’ factor plays the most fundamental role in making the Deterrence Strategy effective in cyberspace. The reason is that an unbeaten identifying process guarantees the effectiveness and usefulness of retaliatory acts. Furthermore, such a triumph will force the real threat to be wiped out forever. The findings also show that the Deterrence Strategy is something imperfect without the presence of retaliatory acts. In fact, such a shortcoming allows the potential invaders to revise their plans in order to resume their attacks against their rivals in cyberspace.

Any activity in the community including social and political activities as well as the media activities – whether it is overt or covert - always takes place under a range of what it is called red lines. The red lines define the boundaries of identity in the society which any violation of it, would made it changed. In this descriptive - qualitative as well as quantitative study, library method used for data collection and Content and theoretical framework. In this way, the study has been considered the media normative systems presented by Dennis Macquail. Due to lack of red lines resources in Iran and its uncertainty, attention were paid to the researcher's designed questionnaire with 36 questions based on Likert scale. These questions have been extracted by depth interviews with a number of journalists. The population of this study includes all available communication and journalism professors and experts. The research's main aims is to identify the possible red lines' sources. The research findings showed that Iran's red lines are not confined in the rules but there are a number of factors which can determine, restrict and/ or expand the Iran's news Deterrence criteria.

The Deterrence system has developed with the evolution of the international system and has experienced new forms. Facing the unstable and unpredictable challenges of the future, along with asymmetric threats in a nonlinear mechanism, is required to design a new analytical apparatus of Deterrence and its conceptual and theoretical reconstruction. It forms the main purpose of the present article. In this regard, the fundamental question arises as to how in this model of the emerging international system, Deterrence can be reconstructed conceptually and theoretically? The author intends to reconstruct it by using the method of deductive inference and focusing on theories of complexity and chaos, especially its basic principles such as the networked structure of the system, nonlinearity, sensitive dependence, and cascading failure. This study focuses on the dynamics of power and the mechanisms that turn it into a threat through nonlinear logic and its mechanisms and the principles emphasized by the theory of complexity and chaos. The author introduces nonlinear network Deterrence to the field of strategic studies as an innovative and new concept. This pattern is a start point of the sixth wave of Deterrence in International Relations. It will provide a new model for designing Iran's Deterrence.

Background and Objective: Nursing theorists have defined nursing knowledge within the framework of the governing philosophies. Nursing theories belonging to the modernist era were developed based on the principles of modernist philosophy. With criticisms about the negative consequences of modernism, nursing scientists decided to move from modernism to postmodernism and the care Paradigm that originated from postmodernism. Expression of excessive criticism about the foundations of postmodernism shed doubt on the effectiveness of the care Paradigm. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of the biomedical and care Paradigm on nursing and provide an alternative and monotheistic Paradigm. Methods: The present study is library-based. The books and articles related to the most important nursing philosophies and Paradigms in the time range of 1950 to 2020 were searched on the national and international databases and examined using a descriptive analytical approach. The authors reported no conflict of interests. Results: One-dimensional view of and attention only to objective signs are among the criticisms of modernism and the biomedical Paradigm, also, the lack of a solid standard of good or bad, the violation of the law of the community of contradictions by stating the acceptance of some truths in the world and the denial of general rules are among the criticisms of postmodernism and the care Paradigm. The Islamic Paradigm, while having the strengths of the last two Paradigms, does not have their weaknesses. Conclusion: Given the need to present a nursing Paradigm based on the prevailing philosophy of any society, the Islamic Paradigm is proposed as a way out of the challenges created by the current Paradigm in nursing.

By the end of the Cold War, nuclear weapons were introduced as a deterrent to war and inhibitors. To achieve such technological has been cause of developments force and to ensure for security policies states. In this regard, Iran is also considering the actual experience of Iraq war and increasing threats to regional and also part of the great powers and how their stance against the Iran’s regime has tried to become a nuclear power technology. The knowledge acquired by Iran’s peaceful nuclear and predict future other success, it plays an important role in changing the balance of power in the Persian Gulf region and the Middle East has its benefits .Of course neorealism as the dominant Paradigm in International Relations and in the international system is specific definition of safety and security threats. Thus, this particular definition, nuclear Deterrence is a special place in this approach. Therefore, it is essential to understand that how nuclear technology provided to Iran security guarantees and it improves stability and national security.

Despite economic entanglements and numerous international disputes, Russia has not abandoned its goal of creating a strategic Deterrence against the United States over the past decade. As the result of its efforts, Russia today has access to ultra-supersonic advanced strategic weapons and projectiles that distinguish it from other nuclear powers worldwide. The objectives pursued by this paper are to examine the dimensions and characteristics of Russia's new nuclear Deterrence strategy, the reasons for adopted this strategy and its consequences for Russia's relations with Europe and the United States. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to provide appropriate answers for the following questions: "What is the most prominent feature of Russia's new nuclear Deterrence strategy? ” and “ What are its implications for the troika of Russia-EU-US relations? " The author argues that "The ability to pose a direct threat to the United States, rather than a proxy threat to Europe, is the most prominent feature of Russia's new nuclear Deterrence strategy that may lead to the proximity of Russia to the European Union and deepening the rift on both sides of the Atlantic. A qualitative method and descriptive-explanatory methodology is employed in this paper and its theoretical foundation is laid on the Deterrence (nuclear) theory.